(Vietnamese_(Hanoi)_MFA_dictionary_v2_0_0a)=
# Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v2.0.0a

``````{dictionary} Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v2.0.0a
:id: "Vietnamese (Hanoi) MFA dictionary v2_0_0a"
:tags: Vietnamese;MFA;IPA
:language: "Vietnamese"
:dialect: Hanoi
:layout: mfa
:template: dictionary_template
:phoneset: "MFA"
:license: "CC BY 4.0"

   ```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/hanoi_mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md
    :start-after: "## Dictionary details"
    :end-before: "## Installation"
   ```


   ```{admonition} G2P models
   * {ref}`vietnamese_(hanoi)_mfa_g2p_model_v2_0_0a`
   ```

``````

```{include} ../../../../dictionary/vietnamese/hanoi_mfa/v2.0.0a/README.md
:start-after: "new)."
```

## IPA Charts

### Consonants

Obstruent symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unvoiced and those to the right are voiced.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: consonant_chart table-striped table-bordered

* - Manner
  - Labial
  - Labiodental
  - Alveolar
  - Palatal
  - Velar
  - Glottal
* - {manner}`Nasal`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * m
        * Occurrences: 680
        * Examples
          * diễm: [z   i ə ˨ ˀ ˥   m]
          * kong: [k   ɔ ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * hong: [h   ɔ ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * nhúm: [ɲ   u ː ˨ ˦   m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * n
        * Occurrences: 894
        * Examples
          * nhấn: [ɲ   ə ˨ ˦   n]
          * nĩa: [n   i ə ˨ ˀ ˥]
          * uyển: [w   i ə ˨ ˩ ˨   n]
          * bón: [ɓ   ɔ ː ˨ ˦   n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ɲ
        * Occurrences: 372
        * Examples
          * lính: [l   i ˨ ˦   ɲ]
          * nhắt: [ɲ   a ˦ ˥   t ̚]
          * nhòm: [ɲ   ɔ ː ˨ ˨   m]
          * sinh: [s   i ˨ ˨   ɲ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * ŋ
        * Occurrences: 593
        * Examples
          * dùng: [z   u ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * xông: [s   o ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * cáng: [k   a ː ˨ ˦   ŋ]
          * từng: [t   ɨ ˨ ˨   ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Stop` {submanner}`Plain`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * p
        * Occurrences: 11
        * Examples
          * xốc: [s   o ˦ ˥   k p]
          * nhấp: [ɲ   ə ˦ ˥   p ̚]
          * rộp: [z   o ː ˨ ˩   p ̚]
          * hớp: [h   ə ː ˦ ˥   p ̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * t
        * Occurrences: 280
        * Examples
          * trù: [t ɕ   u ː ˨ ˨]
          * tốt: [t   o ː ˦ ˥   t ̚]
          * tiêu: [t   i ə ˨ ˨   w]
          * thái: [t ʰ   a ː ˨ ˦   j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * c
        * Occurrences: 87
        * Examples
          * ịch: [ʔ   i ˨ ˩   c]
          * địch: [ɗ   i ˨ ˩   c]
          * tích: [t   i ˦ ˥   c]
          * tếch: [t   e ˦ ˥   c]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * k
        * Occurrences: 381
        * Examples
          * xốc: [s   o ˦ ˥   k p]
          * phúc: [f   u ˦ ˥   k p]
          * quán: [k   w   a ː ˨ ˦   n]
          * thực: [t ʰ   ɨ ˨ ˩   k ̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * ʔ
        * Occurrences: 199
        * Examples
          * ủng: [ʔ   u ˨ ˩ ˨   ŋ m]
          * uông: [ʔ   u ə ˨ ˨   ŋ]
          * uống: [ʔ   u ə ˨ ˦   ŋ]
          * ắng: [ʔ   a ˨ ˦   ŋ]
    ```
* - {submanner}`Implosive`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɓ
        * Occurrences: 278
        * Examples
          * bụt: [ɓ   u ː ˨ ˩   t ̚]
          * béo: [ɓ   ɛ ː ˨ ˦   w]
          * bẽn: [ɓ   ɛ ː ˨ ˀ ˥   n]
          * bình: [ɓ   i ˨ ˨   ɲ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiced
      * ɗ
        * Occurrences: 261
        * Examples
          * điên: [ɗ   i ə ˨ ˨   n]
          * đưa: [ɗ   ɨ ə ˨ ˨]
          * đậm: [ɗ   ə ˨ ˩ ˀ   m]
          * đẳng: [ɗ   a ˨ ˩ ˨   ŋ]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Affricate`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * tɕ
        * Occurrences: 409
        * Examples
          * trĩu: [t ɕ   i ː ˨ ˀ ˥   w]
          * chiếu: [t ɕ   i ə ˨ ˦   w]
          * chung: [t ɕ   u ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * chồn: [t ɕ   o ː ˨ ˨   n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Sibilant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * s
        * Occurrences: 359
        * Examples
          * sáng: [s   a ː ˨ ˦   ŋ]
          * xuôi: [s   u ə ˨ ˨   j]
          * xẩy: [s   ə ˨ ˩ ˨   j]
          * soạng: [s   w   a ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   ŋ]
    * voiced
      * z
        * Occurrences: 522
        * Examples
          * dặt: [z   a ˨ ˩   t ̚]
          * giập: [z   ə ˨ ˩   p ̚]
          * rọi: [z   ɔ ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   j]
          * rứt: [z   ɨ ˦ ˥   t ̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Fricative`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * f
        * Occurrences: 128
        * Examples
          * phễu: [f   e ː ˨ ˀ ˥   w]
          * phên: [f   e ː ˨ ˨   n]
          * phịch: [f   i ˨ ˩   c]
          * phim: [f   i ː ˨ ˨   m]
    * voiced
      * v
        * Occurrences: 194
        * Examples
          * víu: [v   i ː ˨ ˦   w]
          * vắng: [v   a ˨ ˦   ŋ]
          * vẫy: [v   ə ˨ ˀ ˥   j]
          * vài: [v   a ː ˨ ˨   j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * voiceless
      * h
        * Occurrences: 275
        * Examples
          * hửi: [h   ɨ ˨ ˩ ˨   j]
          * hoại: [h   w   a ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   j]
          * hâm: [h   ə ˨ ˨   m]
          * hang: [h   a ː ˨ ˨   ŋ]
    ```
* - {manner}`Approximant`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * w
        * Occurrences: 808
        * Examples
          * luyến: [l   w   i ə ˨ ˦   n]
          * khoác: [x   w   a ː ˦ ˥   k ̚]
          * tao: [t   a ː ˨ ˨   w]
          * quặm: [k   w   a ˨ ˩ ˀ   m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * j
        * Occurrences: 621
        * Examples
          * môi: [m   o ː ˨ ˨   j]
          * thùy: [t ʰ   u ː ˨ ˨   j]
          * lưới: [l   ɨ ə ˨ ˦   j]
          * thời: [t ʰ   ə ː ˨ ˨   j]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - {manner}`Lateral`
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * other
      * l
        * Occurrences: 307
        * Examples
          * lạp: [l   a ː ˨ ˩   p ̚]
          * lương: [l   ɨ ə ˨ ˨   ŋ]
          * lành: [l   a ˨ ˨   ɲ]
          * lòng: [l   ɔ ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


### Vowels

Vowel symbols to the left of {fas}`circle;ipa-dot` are unrounded and those to the right are rounded.

``````{list-table}
:header-rows: 1
:stub-columns: 1
:class: vowel_chart table-striped table-bordered

* -
  - Front
  - Near-Front
  - Central
  - Near-Back
  - Back
* - Close
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * i
        * Occurrences: 107
        * Examples
          * trịnh: [t ɕ   i ˨ ˩ ˀ   ɲ]
          * tịnh: [t   i ˨ ˩ ˀ   ɲ]
          * dính: [z   i ˨ ˦   ɲ]
          * dìu: [z   i ː ˨ ˨   w]
      * iː
        * Occurrences: 292
        * Examples
          * xuýt: [s   w   i ː ˦ ˥   t ̚]
          * mịn: [m   i ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   n]
          * nhĩ: [ɲ   i ː ˨ ˀ ˥]
          * típ: [t   i ː ˦ ˥   p ̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɨ
        * Occurrences: 122
        * Examples
          * chưng: [t ɕ   ɨ ˨ ˨   ŋ]
          * bừng: [ɓ   ɨ ˨ ˨   ŋ]
          * tưng: [t   ɨ ˨ ˨   ŋ]
          * tửu: [t   ɨ ˨ ˩ ˨   w]
      * ɨː
        * Occurrences: 59
        * Examples
          * khứ: [x   ɨ ː ˨ ˦]
          * nhừ: [ɲ   ɨ ː ˨ ˨]
          * chừ: [t ɕ   ɨ ː ˨ ˨]
          * chử: [t ɕ   ɨ ː ˨ ˩ ˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * u
        * Occurrences: 110
        * Examples
          * chung: [t ɕ   u ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * khủng: [x   u ˨ ˩ ˨   ŋ m]
          * giụi: [z   u ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   j]
          * bục: [ɓ   u ˨ ˩   k p]
      * uː
        * Occurrences: 282
        * Examples
          * ngủm: [ŋ   u ː ˨ ˩ ˨   m]
          * ngù: [ŋ   u ː ˨ ˨]
          * mũi: [m   u ː ˨ ˀ ˥   j]
          * trụi: [t ɕ   u ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   j]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Close-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * e
        * Occurrences: 39
        * Examples
          * bệch: [ɓ   e ˨ ˩   c]
          * lềnh: [l   e ˨ ˨   ɲ]
          * kếch: [k   e ˦ ˥   c]
          * lênh: [l   e ˨ ˨   ɲ]
      * eː
        * Occurrences: 187
        * Examples
          * hển: [h   e ː ˨ ˩ ˨   n]
          * nhể: [ɲ   e ː ˨ ˩ ˨]
          * rền: [z   e ː ˨ ˨   n]
          * bện: [ɓ   e ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   n]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * o
        * Occurrences: 103
        * Examples
          * bỗng: [ɓ   o ˨ ˀ ˥   ŋ m]
          * khổng: [x   o ˨ ˩ ˨   ŋ m]
          * hông: [h   o ˨ ˨   ŋ m]
          * khống: [x   o ˨ ˦   ŋ m]
      * oː
        * Occurrences: 275
        * Examples
          * thốt: [t ʰ   o ː ˦ ˥   t ̚]
          * chồm: [t ɕ   o ː ˨ ˨   m]
          * trôi: [t ɕ   o ː ˨ ˨   j]
          * xốt: [s   o ː ˦ ˥   t ̚]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ə
        * Occurrences: 449
        * Examples
          * lữa: [l   ɨ ə ˨ ˀ ˥]
          * sườn: [s   ɨ ə ˨ ˨   n]
          * ghiếc: [ɣ   i ə ˦ ˥   k ̚]
          * xía: [s   i ə ˨ ˦]
      * əː
        * Occurrences: 256
        * Examples
          * mời: [m   ə ː ˨ ˨   j]
          * dớp: [z   ə ː ˦ ˥   p ̚]
          * ngỡ: [ŋ   ə ː ˨ ˀ ˥]
          * bớp: [ɓ   ə ː ˦ ˥   p ̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open-Mid
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * ɛ
        * Occurrences: 0
        * Examples
          * dẻo: [z   ɛ ː ˨ ˩ ˨   w]
          * nhẽ: [ɲ   ɛ ː ˨ ˀ ˥]
          * vẹn: [v   ɛ ː ˨ ˩ ˀ   n]
          * gié: [z   ɛ ː ˨ ˦]
      * ɛː
        * Occurrences: 328
        * Examples
          * khét: [x   ɛ ː ˦ ˥   t ̚]
          * xoè: [s   w   ɛ ː ˨ ˨]
          * chẻ: [t ɕ   ɛ ː ˨ ˩ ˨]
          * tẹt: [t   ɛ ː ˨ ˩   t ̚]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * rounded
      * ɔ
        * Occurrences: 113
        * Examples
          * gọng: [ɣ   ɔ ˨ ˩ ˀ   ŋ m]
          * đỏng: [ɗ   ɔ ˨ ˩ ˨   ŋ m]
          * hỏng: [h   ɔ ˨ ˩ ˨   ŋ m]
          * võng: [v   ɔ ˨ ˀ ˥   ŋ m]
      * ɔː
        * Occurrences: 283
        * Examples
          * hói: [h   ɔ ː ˨ ˦   j]
          * thỏm: [t ʰ   ɔ ː ˨ ˩ ˨   m]
          * tót: [t   ɔ ː ˦ ˥   t ̚]
          * soọc: [s   ɔ ː ˨ ˩   k ̚]
    ```
* -
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
* - Open
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    * unrounded
      * a
        * Occurrences: 503
        * Examples
          * trách: [t ɕ   a ˦ ˥   c]
          * ảnh: [ʔ   a ˨ ˩ ˨   ɲ]
          * quanh: [k   w   a ˨ ˨   ɲ]
          * quánh: [k   w   a ˨ ˦   ɲ]
      * aː
        * Occurrences: 806
        * Examples
          * hão: [h   a ː ˨ ˀ ˥   w]
          * trả: [t ɕ   a ː ˨ ˩ ˨]
          * hoàng: [h   w   a ː ˨ ˨   ŋ]
          * quả: [k   w   a ː ˨ ˩ ˨]
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
  - ```{ipa_cell}
    ```
``````


#### Diphthongs

* {ipa_inline}`iə`
* {ipa_inline}`uə`
* {ipa_inline}`ɨə`

#### Tones

* {ipa_inline}`˦˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨ˀ˥`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˦`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˨`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩ˀ`
* {ipa_inline}`˨˩˨`